Defining A Great Trader

Great traders that we have had the pleasure to know and to be around, on exchange floors and on trade desks, had certain repeatable traits that all level traders can learn, or take something from;

• Empathy and the ability to listen.
• Faith in their own ability to get things done, if life and in work.
• Humility, and a willingness to accept defeat as graciously as accepting success.
• Desire to work towards, and not to just expect, having more success than defeat.

They listened more than they spoke. They had two ears and one mouth and had learned to use them in the right proportion. The ability to listen, either to a mentor, to your inner self, or to the market, is critical for success.

They had an undying faith and belief in their own ability, and accepted that most things that went wrong were probably outside of their control, because they planned their work. Their brutal honesty with themselves and with others allowed them to develop a faith in their own ability that was beyond the norm.

They were humble, and understood that they were not smarter, stronger, nor wiser than others; they just knew that there were few others that had more faith in their own ability to follow something through and to achieve their goals.

They had faith that they could get it done, and humility to accept defeat; that is what defined them, and usually defines any great trader. The great ones in life, and on the floors, are the ones who are not susceptible to the negative influence of others, they have a goal, they have a plan, and they will get there. It may take time, they may fail along the way, but they just will not let things overwhelm them as they plot their course.

Successful traders have a plan that they refine, develop and test, and debrief on a daily basis. They share their plan as a work in motion, and not as the Holy Grail. A successful trader accepts that there is always something new to learn, and however good the plan is today, there will be the chance to improve it tomorrow.

Zig Ziegler says; "You are working with no plan? Why? Working without a plan is about as difficult as trying to come back from somewhere that you have never been". You will become profitable if you achieve success, but success rarely comes without a plan.

Success is not counted in cash; success starts with an inner faith, the ability to listen, and in having a plan. However, financial freedom only comes by following the plan.

Five Fatal Flaws of Trading

Close to ninety percent of all traders lose money. The remaining ten percent somehow manage to either break even or even turn a profit - and more importantly, do it consistently. How do they do that?

That's an age-old question. While there is no magic formula, one of Elliott Wave International's senior instructors Jeffrey Kennedy has identified five fundamental flaws that, in his opinion, stop most traders from being consistently successful. We don't claim to have found The Holy Grail of trading here, but sometimes a single idea can change a person's life. Maybe you'll find one in Jeffrey's take on trading? We sincerely hope so.

The following is an excerpt from Jeffrey Kennedy's Trader's Classroom Collection. For a limited time, Elliott Wave International is offering Jeffrey Kennedy's report, How to Use Bar Patterns to Spot Trade Setups, free.

Why Do Traders Lose?

If you've been trading for a long time, you no doubt have felt that a monstrous, invisible hand sometimes reaches into your trading account and takes out money. It doesn't seem to matter how many books you buy, how many seminars you attend or how many hours you spend analyzing price charts, you just can't seem to prevent that invisible hand from depleting your trading account funds.

Which brings us to the question: Why do traders lose? Or maybe we should ask, 'How do you stop the Hand?' Whether you are a seasoned professional or just thinking about opening your first trading account, the ability to stop the Hand is proportional to how well you understand and overcome the Five Fatal Flaws of trading. For each fatal flaw represents a finger on the invisible hand that wreaks havoc with your trading account.

Fatal Flaw No. 1 - Lack of Methodology

If you aim to be a consistently successful trader, then you must have a defined trading methodology, which is simply a clear and concise way of looking at markets. Guessing or going by gut instinct won't work over the long run. If you don't have a defined trading methodology, then you don't have a way to know what constitutes a buy or sell signal. Moreover, you can't even consistently correctly identify the trend.

How to overcome this fatal flaw? Answer: Write down your methodology. Define in writing what your analytical tools are and, more importantly, how you use them. It doesn't matter whether you use the Wave Principle, Point and Figure charts, Stochastics, RSI or a combination of all of the above. What does matter is that you actually take the effort to define it (i.e., what constitutes a buy, a sell, your trailing stop and instructions on exiting a position). And the best hint I can give you regarding developing a defined trading methodology is this: If you can't fit it on the back of a business card, it's probably too complicated.

Fatal Flaw No. 2 - Lack of Discipline

When you have clearly outlined and identified your trading methodology, then you must have the discipline to follow your system. A Lack of Discipline in this regard is the second fatal flaw. If the way you view a price chart or evaluate a potential trade setup is different from how you did it a month ago, then you have either not identified your methodology or you lack the discipline to follow the methodology you have identified. The formula for success is to consistently apply a proven methodology. So the best advice I can give you to overcome a lack of discipline is to define a trading methodology that works best for you and follow it religiously.

Fatal Flaw No. 3 - Unrealistic Expectations

Between you and me, nothing makes me angrier than those commercials that say something like, "...$5,000 properly positioned in Natural Gas can give you returns of over $40,000..." Advertisements like this are a disservice to the financial industry as a whole and end up costing uneducated investors a lot more than $5,000. In addition, they help to create the third fatal flaw: Unrealistic Expectations.

Yes, it is possible to experience above-average returns trading your own account. However, it's difficult to do it without taking on above-average risk. So what is a realistic return to shoot for in your first year as a trader - 50%, 100%, 200%? Whoa, let's rein in those unrealistic expectations. In my opinion, the goal for every trader their first year out should be not to lose money. In other words, shoot for a 0% return your first year. If you can manage that, then in year two, try to beat the Dow or the S&P. These goals may not be flashy but they are realistic, and if you can learn to live with them - and achieve them - you will fend off the Hand.

Fatal Flaw No. 4 - Lack of Patience

The fourth finger of the invisible hand that robs your trading account is Lack of Patience. I forget where, but I once read that markets trend only 20% of the time, and, from my experience, I would say that this is an accurate statement. So think about it, the other 80% of the time the markets are not trending in one clear direction.

That may explain why I believe that for any given time frame, there are only two or three really good trading opportunities. For example, if you're a long-term trader, there are typically only two or three compelling tradable moves in a market during any given year. Similarly, if you are a short-term trader, there are only two or three high-quality trade setups in a given week.

All too often, because trading is inherently exciting (and anything involving money usually is exciting), it's easy to feel like you're missing the party if you don't trade a lot. As a result, you start taking trade setups of lesser and lesser quality and begin to over-trade.

How do you overcome this lack of patience? The advice I have found to be most valuable is to remind yourself that every week, there is another trade-of-the-year. In other words, don't worry about missing an opportunity today, because there will be another one tomorrow, next week and next month ... I promise.

I remember a line from a movie (either Sergeant York with Gary Cooper or The Patriot with Mel Gibson) in which one character gives advice to another on how to shoot a rifle: 'Aim small, miss small.' I offer the same advice in this new context. To aim small requires patience. So be patient, and you'll miss small."

Fatal Flaw No. 5 - Lack of Money Management

The final fatal flaw to overcome as a trader is a Lack of Money Management, and this topic deserves more than just a few paragraphs, because money management encompasses risk/reward analysis, probability of success and failure, protective stops and so much more. Even so, I would like to address the subject of money management with a focus on risk as a function of portfolio size.

Now the big boys (i.e., the professional traders) tend to limit their risk on any given position to 1% - 3% of their portfolio. If we apply this rule to ourselves, then for every $5,000 we have in our trading account, we can risk only $50-$150 on any given trade. Stocks might be a little different, but a $50 stop in Corn, which is one point, is simply too tight a stop, especially when the 10-day average trading range in Corn recently has been more than 10 points. A more plausible stop might be five points or 10, in which case, depending on what percentage of your total portfolio you want to risk, you would need an account size between $15,000 and $50,000.

Simply put, I believe that many traders begin to trade either under-funded or without sufficient capital in their trading account to trade the markets they choose to trade. And that doesn't even address the size that they trade (i.e., multiple contracts).

To overcome this fatal flaw, let me expand on the logic from the 'aim small, miss small' movie line. If you have a small trading account, then trade small. You can accomplish this by trading fewer contracts, or trading e-mini contracts or even stocks. Bottom line, on your way to becoming a consistently successful trader, you must realize that one key is longevity. If your risk on any given position is relatively small, then you can weather the rough spots. Conversely, if you risk 25% of your portfolio on each trade, after four consecutive losers, you're out all together.

Break the Hand's Grip

Trading successfully is not easy. It's hard work ... damn hard. And if anyone leads you to believe otherwise, run the other way, and fast. But this hard work can be rewarding, above-average gains are possible and the sense of satisfaction one feels after a few nice trades is absolutely priceless. To get to that point, though, you must first break the fingers of the Hand that is holding you back and stealing money from your trading account. I can guarantee that if you attend to the five fatal flaws I've outlined, you won't be caught red-handed stealing from your own account.

A Trade or a Gamble?

I love to trade a lot - which is of course a euphemistic way of saying I love to gamble. Although I have been to Vegas more than a dozen times I never laid down so much as a dollar bet in any casino. I have absolutely no interest in backjack, craps, slot machines or any other games of chance and I look down with disdain at the excited masses crowding the cavernous Vegas gambling halls. But deep down, if I am honest with myself, I have to admit that whenever I trade a lot I am just as much of a sucker as every hopeless loser that gives up his hard earned money to Steve Wynn or Sheldon Adelson

If you are constantly trading just for the sake of trading, just for the rush of being “in the game”, just for the momentarily thrill of being right you are gambling. You are trading without an edge, without any solid information and are therefore completely vulnerable to the random vagaries of price.

Towards the end of last year I decided to do something about my toxic addiction and created two separate accounts - one for trades that would only follow my trading plan - the other for all my trading/gambling impulses. But before I share my experience with you allow me to define the difference between a trade and a gamble. The key distinction is information. The less information you posses the more likely the chances are that your trade is gamble.

A techincal trader who only looks at the five minute chart to gauge his support and resistance points is just gambling. On the other hand a trader who looks through the hourly, daily, weekly and monthly support points, carefully calculates Fib retracement positions and only acts when multiple time frames confirm his analysis has a much greater chance of success. Similarly a fundamental trader who mindlessly reacts to the latest economic release without understanding the prior market expectations, the current price flow and and countervailing information on the other currency in the pair is also just gambling.

Notice the unifying theme? Like everything else in life success in trading requires hard work and homework. There is no magic formula, no simple 5 minutes per day method to make you money. In trading, working hard is no guarantee of winning, but not working hard is an assurance of losing, because trading at its core is a game of information and you must always be up to date on what' s gong on in the market or become the sucker at the table.

Now back to my experiment. I subdivided my trading into two accounts - one where I traded only calendar risk on a reactive basis with very disciplined entries and exit rules and strict adherence to money management. The other account was just for my whims and impulses. An interesting thing occurred. My “trading plan” account which I traded far rarely and more carefully became much more profitable and incurred much lower drawdowns. Meanwhile the equity in my gambling account bounced up and down like a hopped up rubber ball. Suddenly the thrill of “being in the game” wasn't so much fun. Like a reformed smoker who appreciates the smell of fresh air, I was no longer drawn to making impulsive trades. That's not completely true. I still dabbled in my gambling account (who amongst us can completely give up our vices?) but my need to trade constantly has been reduced substantially. The less you gamble, the more you realize how stupid it is and that has been the most valuable lesson learned so far.

Serious Money

There is an article in this week's news section which is entitled How to Combat Over Trading. It's an issue that I tackle often in this column because it is probably the greatest source of pain for most traders I know. K and I are often amazed by emails we get from subs who tell us that they have blown up even after BKT has had a huge run of winning trades. The reason clearly is that they over trading their account. Now this particular article tries to fix the problem by talking about the need to "visualize you plan", "talk out your trades" and "keep a running diary". While all those sentiments are noble I am here to tell you that they are all pure bunk.

Let's face it, as currency traders we are in the markets because we love to trade. We don't pore over balance sheets looking for misalignment in cashflow calculations like the credit gnomes in the bond market. Nor do we spend endless hours researching business plans like stock investors. FX is the purest speculative market there is driven first and foremost by sentiment. What is the value of a currency anyway? Some will argue that the dollar isn't worth the paper its printed on. But we don't care. There are no bear markets in FX. We are the ultimate "absolute return" asset class.

We are in the game because we want to PLAY. We want to match wits with the smartest people in the world and win. Trading is also very much like violin playing. If you don't practice every day - you lose your touch. But just as violin players miss a few notes from time to time, so do we miss a few trades. The key difference of course is that the violin does not crumble into a thousand little pieces after each bad performance, but our trading account can be decimated by just one bad trade.

So how do we reconcile our desire to play with our need remain disciplined and preserve capital? Simple. We separate our money. I have multiple accounts just for that reason. For example we trade the BKT account only twice or three times a week and not surprisingly it has the best performance by far. The reason is of course because we are extremely disciplined and take only the trades that are consistent with our trading model. Next, I have an account where trade K's calendar calls both proactively and reactively. Those of you who have been with me in live chat are familiar with some of those trades. Finally I have an account that I just trade - no real rules, lots of experimentation and needless to say a lot of stupid mistakes.

The BKT account is serious money, the procactive/reactive account is semi-serious money and the free trade account is just stupid money. The key to winning in FX is not to curtail the over trading. It is not only futile but arrogant to think that we can conquer our worst impulses. The key is not to over trade your serious money. Ironically enough the more freedom you give yourself to experiment in your stupid account, the more likely you are to stick to your trading plan in your primary account. Give it a try and let me know if it helps.

"Follow-Through" -- It's Significance for Your Market Position

Patience is a virtue in most endeavors in life, and it's certainly a valuable asset in futures and stock trading. You will many times hear me use the important term, "follow-through," when I discuss significant market moves such as price breakouts or trend changes.

"Follow-through" trading activity is really just a confirmation of the previous trading session's bigger price move. If one day's (or one price bar's) move is really that technically significant, then prices should be able to show some follow-through in the same direction the next trading session (or next trading bar on the chart).

Many times that all-important follow-through price action does not occur. What many times does occur is the market retraces much of the previous trading session's bigger gains or losses, and when all is said and done at the end of the day, prices are not that far from where they were two sessions (or two price bars) ago.

I am not a perfect trader and I, too, am continually learning (or trying to learn!) from past trading missteps. I want to provide you with a specific example of when I did not wait for a market to show me that important follow-through strength on what I thought to be an upside breakout--but instead was a false breakout.

I had the corn market on my "Radar Screen" for several weeks a while back. I was waiting for the market to break above and negate a longer-term downtrend line. On a Wednesday, corn did show a strong up-move and prices pushed just slightly above a longer-term downtrend line--but did not come close to negating it. Well, I had to be out of the office for the next two days (Thursday and Friday), and would not have any access to my broker or price data. So I called my broker that Wednesday afternoon and put in a buy-stop order for corn at a price level far enough above the downtrend line so that if the buy stop was it, I thought it would be a strong enough price move to negate the downtrend line and signify an upside breakout on the daily bar chart.

So I took off out of town that night, with a little gremlin in the back of my brain that was saying, "You are still not waiting for follow-through price strength the next trading day to confirm the upside breakout in corn!" Sure enough, corn futures opened up on Thursday morning and moved high enough to touch my stop and get me into the market on the long side--only to have that price level be the high for the month. Prices then reversed lower and I was stopped out of the corn market about a week later.

Of course, hindsight is always 20/20. However, this particular trade reconfirmed to me the importance of having the patience to wait for a market to show follow-through price action to confirm a potential trading "set-up." In waiting for follow-through strength or weakness, a trader does run the risk of missing out on some of a price move. But more times than not, it is prudent to make a market confirm a bigger price move with follow-through activity the next session--or the next price bar for intra-day charts.

By the way, a market sometimes can exhibit a small-trading-range "rest day" after a bigger price move, and then confirm that bigger move the next trading session. But usually, if follow-through strength or weakness is going to occur, it's the very next trading session after the bigger move.

How to Handle a Losing Streak

A trader emailed me a while back, asking for some advice on a good money manager for him. He said he was a "lousy trader" and tired of losing money.

I doubt there is one non-rookie trader reading this story who has not experienced at least a small run of poor performance in trading futures. I've said before that most successful veteran traders have more losing trades than winning trades in any given year. The key is maximizing profits on the winning trades and minimizing losses on the losers.

I will also argue that at one point or another in most traders' experiences, they, too, have felt like "lousy traders." I certainly have. (Those who say they have never had a run of poor trading performance or felt "lousy" about a trade or trades are likely either lying or completely out of touch with futures trading reality.)

So what's a trader to do when losses start to pile up and winners become scarce. Here are a few tips that I've picked up over the years from some of the very best traders in the business:

Don't overtrade. If you are trading several markets and not having any success, cut back to trading one or two markets. You can follow fewer trades more closely and document your success or failures more easily. Plus, your trading account won't be drawn down so quickly.

Keep a detailed trading diary. If you keep a good trading diary, you can go back and see if there is a common thread among your losers--and your winners, and possibly make the proper adjustments.

If you are not trading that many markets and still racking up losers, take a break from trading for a while. Gather your thoughts. You may want to "paper trade" for a while to get your confidence back. Then, if you are still losing on paper, you will want to look for other trading methods.

If you are losing money trading, DO NOT (I REPEAT) DO NOT try to make a big home-run-type trade that will get you back to even or the plus side in a hurry. In fact, do just the opposite. Make smaller trades that risk less capital, until your performance starts to turn around and you can resume your normal asset allowances for trades. Successful traders survive the rough waters by hunkering down and being conservative.

Exhibit patience and discipline. I've preached about this before. Are you following a trading plan that you devised before you put on the trade? If not, you should be. You are not shooting from the hip (no exit strategy in place) once a trade gets initiated, are you? If so, that could be part of your problem. On the patience issue, are you impatient? I've talked to successful position traders who may only trade a few times a year, because they wait for what they feel is that "perfect set-up" to occur. If you are a position trader (as opposed to a day trader), you don't have to be "in the market" all the time. Wait for the good trades to develop and don't chase markets.

Be confident. Have faith in your trading methods. And if you don't have faith in your methodology, why don't you? If your methods are really not successful, find something else. Read some of the many books out there by the successful traders, and how they have traded successfully. But be cautious of the person who wants to sell you some so-called successful trading method for big bucks. (See the next item on hard work.)

Work harder. Don't expect to produce winning trades if you are not working very hard at trading. Do you know well the fundamentals of the markets you are trading? Even if you know technicals well, you should have at least a good understanding of a market's fundamentals. Here's an example: Let's say the charts and technical indicators look bullish for corn and it's the day before a major USDA report. Smart traders likely won't initiate a trading position in corn the day before a big government report is out.

In case you're wondering what I told the reader who emailed me and told me was a "lousy" trader, here's what I said: Don't give up just yet. The fact that he admitted he needed some help (before he lost all of his trading assets) is a positive first step. I then told him I would write this feature because there were likely many traders who feel the same way, at times, that he feels, and that there are steps to take on the road to recovery and eventual successful trading.

Getting What You Really Want

I used to do an exercise in the Peak Performance 101 workshop entitled "Getting What You Want". The exercise starts out with a question: If you could have anything in the universe, what would it be? Perhaps your answer might be $10 million dollars. However, the exercise doesn't end there. It just triggers another question: What would that get you? So to carry our example forward, you'd now ask, "What would the $10 million dollars get you?" Perhaps you might answer, "Security… I'd feel secure in my retirement."

It doesn't end with that answer. The second answer merely triggers another question: What would that get you? And to continue the example, you now ask, "What would security get you?"

This process continues at least five times. Each time you get an answer, the new question becomes, "What would that (i.e., the answer to the last question) get you? At the end of five iterations, I then survey the class for what they have come up with at the end of their questions What do you think everyone comes up with? The answer is important because it really says a lot about you. But before I give you the results, do the exercise for yourself. Answer each of the following questions:

1. If you could have anything in the universe, what would it be?
2. What would that (answer 1) get you?
3. What would that (answer 2) get you?
4. What would that (answer 3) get you?
5. What would that (answer 4) get you?
6. What would that (answer 5) get you?

I'm actually curious to know what percentage of you started out with "trading success." Perhaps a lot of you, but I doubt if anyone ended up there.

There are some universals about this exercise. With five repetitions of the question about 90% of all people end up with a mental state. Examples of mental states include security, freedom, confidence, happiness, etc. But we can take it further. If you do enough repetitions of the question, everyone ends up with a universal mental state such as Oneness, Love, Ultimate Happiness, etc. What's interesting about the exercise is that it flat out tells you what you really want! The final answer is always one of those universal mental states (and I'm not sure that they really are not all the same).

Yet what do we do with our lives? We spend it pursuing things such as money, power, career or perhaps trading success. But that's not what we really want. And that's true for everyone.

Now, what if there was a course that you could take that would give you as a result of doing the course, one of those ultimate states. Would you want to take that course?

Well, let me tell you a true story about a man named Lester Levinson. Lester had advanced degrees and was a very successful entrepreneur. In that sense, he was probably a lot like most of you. However, he was very unhealthy. One day his doctors basically said, "Lester, there is really nothing we can do for you. You are going to die in a few months." So Lester retreated to his Manhattan apartment to die. But before he did so, he did an exercise similar to the one I just took you through and concluded that what he really wanted out of life was LOVE. He looked at his life and concluded that he was the happiest when he was LOVING, rather than when he felt people loved him.

As a result, Lester started a series of mental exercises designed to help him be more loving. And as he continued to do those exercises over the next few months, he didn't die. Instead, some remarkable things happened:

First, all of the symptoms of his illness just disappeared. And whenever something happened to his body he could heal it instantly.

Second, he found that he could materialize whatever he wanted just by thinking about it. He played with this for a while, soon materializing millions of dollars worth of real estate. But knowing that he could get those material things any time he wanted them just by thinking about them, he soon lost interest in them and just gave them away. Besides, what he really wanted was LOVE and he was getting that by being LOVING.

Third, he basically started operating in the world at the level of a very advanced spiritual being.

In the spirit of being loving, Lester started to teach what he had learned. As a result we all have that core process that Lester went through to heal himself and become happy and loving available to us through a series of five books entitled "Happiness is Free." Each book is a seven week course, so the series is basically a 35 week course on attaining happiness. And if you do the course, I believe that you can attain a level of happiness that is way beyond what you experience today or probably what you've ever experienced.

However, I didn't write this article to sell these courses, but more to convey some very important points. Logically, if you decided, after doing the exercise, that what you ultimately wanted was love or happiness, then I would expect that we'd get at least 1,000 orders for the course. Of course, you'd have to believe that you'd actually get "ultimate happiness" out of doing the course to order it. And perhaps you don't think you really want happiness or perhaps you don't think the course will help you attain it. That's a personal choice.

Anyway, I was so impressed with this course initially, that I ordered a few sets and gave them to some very special people associated with my company. Later on, I then ordered ten more copies of the course to sell. And interestingly enough, we still have most (if not all) of them in stock. Most people either don't think that they want happiness or they don't believe that they can get it simply by completing a course (i.e., doing all the exercises). It's rather amazing. This is what people want but they are not likely to do anything about it.

I'm so fascinated by this process that I plan to interview each of the people I gave the course to just to see what they've done with it. I haven't done the interviews yet, but I think I know the results. I'll report the actual results to you later in another article for Tharp's Thought's. And I'll also tell you about the exercise that I just completed that motivated me to write this series of articles.